Zero-calorie electrolytes do not break a fast, but most sports drinks do. Here is how fasted athletes should handle sodium, which products stay fast-legal, and when to stop fasting and start fueling.
Taper week hydration is about topping off, not loading up. A day-by-day fluid, sodium, and carb-loading plan for the seven days before your marathon.
Tennis sweat rates hit 2.5 L/hour and sweat sodium varies fourfold between players. A sodium-first, changeover-by-changeover hydration plan for hard-court season.
If you’re stepping onto the synthetic turf this August for field hockey preseason camp, you’re already fighting two battles most athletes don’t face simultaneously: the August heat baking off a surface that runs 30–50°F hotter than air temperature, and the relentless running demands of a sport that asks midfielders to cover 9–12 kilometers every 70-minute … Read more
August two-a-days are the most dangerous weeks on the football calendar — not because of contact, but because of heat and dehydration. Here is the science-backed sodium-first hydration playbook for high school and college football preseason.
Cross country season starts in August heat and ends in November cold — and there are no aid stations on the course. Here is how XC runners at every level should approach hydration from preseason through championship day.
With the 2026 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships less than three weeks away (Hafjell, Norway, August 26–30), elite cross-country and enduro riders are putting the finishing touches on their race-week protocols. Hydration, it turns out, is one of the biggest differentiators between podium runs and mechanically-sound riders who simply fade in the final laps. But … Read more
Volleyball has a deception problem. Walk into any gym during a three-set match and you’ll see players toweling off, catching their breath, and looking composed between rallies. But beneath that composed exterior, competitive volleyball is one of the most physiologically demanding team sports on the planet: explosive jump-landing cycles, rapid lateral cuts, and an indoor … Read more
Ironman is a categorically different hydration problem than sprint triathlon. Here is the complete sodium-first playbook for the swim, bike, and run — plus a four-window plan for race day.
Lacrosse is having a moment. The Premier Lacrosse League just completed another sold-out season, the sport is officially heading to the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics for the first time since 1908, and summer club and travel tournaments are drawing more players than ever before. But for all the tactical evolution happening on the field, most … Read more